Irregular Past Participles in Italian

Unpredictable Past Participles in Italian You’ve discovered that on the off chance that you need to discuss the past in Italian, you’re must gain proficiency with the past participles of every action word. Fortunate for you, a great deal of action words in Italian are viewed as standard and in this manner have predictable endings, similar to how normal - are action words end in - ato. For instance, parlare â†' parlato; andare â†' andato; camminare â†' camminato; guardare â†' guardato. While you do get off simple with regards to those normal action words, numerous action words in Italian, particularly the ones completion in - ere, have sporadic past participles. Beneath you’ll discover a rundown of probably the most widely recognized infinitives just as their past participle structures. Furthermore, you’ll additionally observe an example variety, as â€Å"riaccendere† being a variation of â€Å"accendere†. Unpredictable Past Participles INFINITIVE PAST PARTICIPLE Minor departure from THE INFINITIVE PAST PARTICIPLE accendere acceso riaccendere riacceso chiedere chiesto richiedere richiesto chiudere chiuso racchiudere racchiuso cogliere colto raccogliere raccolto cuocere cotto stracuocere stracotto desperate detto predire predetto dividere diviso condividere condiviso passage fatto strafare strafatto leggere letto rileggere riletto porre posto frapporre frapposto reggere retto correggere corretto rispondere risposto corrispondere corrisposto rompere rotto corrompere corrotto scegliere scelto prescegliere prescelto scrivere scritto riscrivere riscritto trarre tratto ritrarre ritratto vincere vinto convincere convinto volgere volto rivolgere rivolto Gli esempi: Ci hanno chiesto aiuto. - They approached us for help.Non ha chiuso la porta. - She didn’t close the door.Che hai detto? - What did you say?Avete letto quel libro? - Have all of you read that book?Ti ho scritto una lettera ieri sera. - I kept in touch with you a letter last night.Non mi ha ancora risposto. - He hasn’t addressed me yet.Scusa, abbiamo rotto I bicchieri. - Sorry, we broke the glasses.Hanno vinto il gioco! - They dominated the match! Other regular sporadic past participles: Bere (to drink) â†' Bevuto (drank)Dare (to give) â†' Dato (gave)Mettere (to put) â†' Messo (put)Morire (to bite the dust) â†' Morto (died)Nascere (to be conceived) â†' Nato (born)Perdere (to lose) â†' Perso (lost)Ridere (to snicker) â†' Riso (laughed)Rimanere (to remain) â†' Rimasto (remained)Scendere (to plummet, to go down) â†'  Sceso (descended)Vivere (to live) â†' Vissuto (lived) Is there still an example? Despite the fact that these past participles are viewed as sporadic, a considerable lot of them have rehashing designs. For instance, the past participle of any action word that closes in - mettere will likewise end in - messo. For instance: Ammettere (to concede, to permit in, to allow in) becomes ammessoCommettere (to submit, to commission) becomes commessoDimettere (to excuse, to expel) becomes dimessoOmettere (to exclude, to forget about) becomes omessoPromettere (to guarantee) becomes promessoRimettere (to dispatch, to allude) becomes rimesso It will take some training, however once you perceive the examples and submit others to memory, it will be significantly simpler to discuss the past with certainty. On the off chance that you have to audit how to shape the past tense (il passato prossimo), investigate this article here and afterward survey this article on assistant action words also.

Liberal arts and counseling Free Essays

Another significant aptitude that is in application in advising is composing. This can be depicted as the introduction of considerations and thoughts in printed medium which is very not quite the same as delineation. Each part of scholastics utilizes this ability and in this manner they is no chance we can have advising without composing. We will compose a custom exposition test on Human sciences and guiding or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now Composing is significant in light of the fact that during directing meetings, notes ought to be taken on the grounds that at long last, you will utilize those notes in concluding your decision. Composing aptitudes here are significant in light of the fact that the notes taken need to take a specific consistent request. Notes all around taken in past meetings can be utilized in different manners like in investigates particularly when a specific issue is repeating and no perpetual arrangement is prospective (Chen, Noosbond, Bruce, 1998). Research done in directing field depends on those notes that is taken or gotten from customers in this manner the configuration of composing and how it is done is significant. This composing isn't essential to the advisor just however now and again correspondence between the instructor and counselee might be through composing a direct result of obstructions in verbal correspondence. The decency of this is it attempts to represent the issue and make two elements. This makes investigating the issue simpler in light of the fact that you can take a gander at the issue alone and the counselee alone along these lines examining the two substances independently and afterward joining your discoveries so you can give a clinical and expert answer for the issue (Tomm, 1989). Composing alternative is a powerful technique for directing particularly with the youths that are timid in communicating and it abuses quality based methodology not ignoring the social parts of the general public. This is basic in setting up singular paces in light of the fact that generally the youthful is as a rule at a more slow pace than the guide. At the point when the pace is set up, it develops certainty with respect to the juvenile in this manner accelerating the entire procedure and making reaching of determinations simple. In any case, the composing strategy may not be appropriate to all young people particularly those that are poor recorded as a hard copy aptitudes (Tomm, 1989). The above aesthetic sciences aptitudes are sensational in viable advising. They depend on each other to such an extent that it is practically similar to a compulsory prerequisite to have them or if nothing else think about them before headway of profession in guiding. Humankind study falls into place without any issues regardless of it being remembered for generally curricular in college contemplates. Oral articulation is found out particularly when one is associated with writing contemplates where verse is included. The composing expertise covers different aptitudes since after everything is said and done; one needs to put down something. Putting down is significant in keeping accounts and leading the directing itself on the grounds that occasionally it is a methods for speaking with the customers. Commitment of human sciences to advising is tremendous nearly making the two orders one in light of relationship on each other. Reference Chen, M., Noosbond, J. P., Bruce, M. A. (1998). Remedial record in bunch advising:  â â â â â â â â â â A functioning change operator. Diary of Counseling and Development, 76, (2).404-411. Fristad, M. A., Gavazzi, S. M., Soldano, K. W. (1999). Naming the adversary: Learning to  â â â â â â separate state of mind issue temperament disorderâ symptoms† from the â€Å"self† that encounters  â â â â â â them. Diary of Family Psychotherapy, 10, (9). 81-88. Corridor, A. S., Jugovic, H. J. (1997). Adolescents’ self-assurance: Assuming competency,.  â Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 19, (6): 256-267 Tomm, K. (1989). Externalizing the issue and disguising the individual organization. Diary of  Strategic and Systemic Therapies, 8, (10).54-59 Zimmerman, T. S., Shepherd, S. D. (1993). Externalizing the issue of bulimia:â  â â â â Conversation, drawing, and letter writing in bunch treatment. Diary of Systemic  â â â â â â â â â â Therapies, 12, (1). 22-31. The most effective method to refer to Liberal expressions and directing, Papers

Sibling Relations and Subsequent Characteristic Traits

The loss of guardians effectsly affects the lives of the kids. Unexpectedly, the youngsters need to figure out how to exist without the solace and feeling of consolation that guardians will in general provide for their kids †regardless of whether youthful or old.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on Sibling Relations and Subsequent Characteristic Traits explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The nonattendance of guardians causes the kids to identify with one another in an alternate way. As a rule, the senior kin will in general take up the parental job; be that as it may, ill-equipped they are, and the ensuing relations between the senior and more youthful kin frequently draw out certain character characteristics and characteristics in them as people. The connection between kin whose guardians are missing because of death or different elements and the ensuing life battles the kin suffer, regularly draw out specific characteristics and attrib utes in them. Generally, the senior kin build up a mindful, extreme, and unselfish character, while the more youthful kin regularly become needy and reckless; all kin, in any case, procure conciliatory characteristics at long last. Without guardians because of death or different components, senior kin expectedly need to step in and assume the parental job, making these senior kin become mindful and centered people. Definitely, numerous senior kin are unexpectedly confronted with the obligation of dealing with their more youthful kin, filling in the void left by the missing guardians. A significant number of the activities of the senior kin are equipped towards giving a feeling of passionate and situational balance for the more youthful kin, who are all the more intensely influenced by the nonattendance of the guardians (Dunn 788). Much of the time, the senior kin, thus, become profoundly capable and centered people. In the case where the age hole between the oldest kin and the more youthful one(s) is noteworthy, the senior kin regularly turns into a genuine parent to the more youthful kin. On the off chance that the oldest kin is engaged with any salary procuring action, the individual will be the provider for the more youthful kin true to form, and should suit the necessities of the more youthful kin in all the plans the person in question makes. Out of the connection between the senior kin and the more youthful kin, wherein the senior kin needs to assume the ‘parent’ job, a sharp awareness of other's expectations creates in the senior kin. The senior kin, paying little mind to age, needs to turn into the watchman to the more youthful kin, and such an obligation makes a capable character in the senior siblings.Advertising Looking for inquire about paper on brain research? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The senior kin regularly need to bear more hardships and need to relinquish their own relaxation, opportunity, and sentiments of hurt and deserting from the nonattendance of guardians for the more youthful kin. The senior kin subsequently become intense and genuinely blank because of this. Since the agony from parental misfortune is aimless, it influences, damages, and leaves the more seasoned kin frightened and relinquished in a similar way it does the more youthful kin. In any case, the more seasoned kin are not allowed the chance to lament or express these feelings since they quickly need to fill in the physical and passionate hole left in the family because of the demise of guardians. Since the senior kin must be sincerely solid for the more youthful kin, they ideal the specialty of concealing their emotions. Additionally, given that the senior kin are relied upon to be the good example and a wellspring of shelter for the more youthful kin when life for these more youthful kin gets somewhat intense, the senior kin don't get an opportunity to ‘wear their he arts on their sleeves’. In any event, when the event requires a touch of passionate expressiveness, the senior kin will oftentimes will in general pretend a feeling of lack of interest to the circumstance, so the more youthful kin can find the opportunity to vent their annoyance and express their feelings. As indicated by Schlomer et al, at whatever point the family is in an emergency, the kin go to one another for passionate support†¦crises like separation, parental detachment, terminal diseases in a parent, or demise of a parent push the kin to go to one another (290). On the off chance that the kin age distinction is generous, the senior kin must be genuinely skilled for the more youthful sibling(s). Accordingly, as a rule, the senior kin don't typically get the individual chance to communicate their sentiments, and along these lines become sincerely expressionless and think that its harder to communicate their emotions uninhibitedly. Moreover, more youthful kin are p robably going to misuse the inexhaustible thoughtfulness appeared to them by their senior kin, in this way creating cheerful perspectives and developing a culture of being flippant. The advantages of having solid kin relations, be that as it may, will in general be misused by the more youthful kin once in a while. As indicated by Kramer and Conger, displaying isn't the main way that more youthful kin gain from their senior kin. Despite the fact that more youthful kin will in general undertaking to imitate the conduct of the senior kin, the opposite is likewise evident (4). The impact of friends on the more youthful kin will in general be more grounded than that of the model senior kin. Thusly, if the more youthful kin doesn't impart common companions to the senior kin, at that point the impact of the more youthful sibling’s companions abrogates that of the senior kin in most cases.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on Sibling Relations and Subsequent Cha racteristic Traits explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Subsequently, as the dependable senior kin try to make the life of the more youthful kin better, the more youthful kin in some cases exploit and endeavor this consideration for their own narrow minded finishes. Kramer and Conger, for example, express that the more youthful kin are bound to drop out of school because of early pregnancies or substance misuse while living together with the senior kin. Besides, when the senior kin sets norms throughout everyday life and instructive accomplishment that the more youthful kin may discover difficult to copy, the more youthful kin channels these disappointments into self-unsafe propensities, for example, tranquilize mishandle and turn out to be progressively vulnerable to negative companion impact (6). Subsequently, the more youthful kin build up a thoughtless way to deal with life issues and become flighty. Senior kin, for their more youthful kin, frequently plan thei r individual lives to fit to the requirements of their more youthful kin. The senior kin in this way create unselfish attributes. The relationship among kin includes numerous elements. There is an immediate connection between how the more youthful kin in the long run settles on their life decisions in adulthood. Such relationship likewise exists in the impact of the senior kin on the more youthful sibling’s life. Gerbert expresses that, when the senior kin is strong of the more youthful sibling(s), the more youthful kin end up being more skilled than a youngster who doesn't get the enthusiastic, social, and material help of a senior kin (1389). Such a positive impact by the senior kin shows an unselfish trademark. As a rule, hardships persevered through together fortify the connection between kin; they are progressively changed in accordance with life’s normal hardships, and such kin can forfeit their individual wants, dreams, and trusts in the purpose of their kin. Th ese kin in this manner commonly create conciliatory mentalities and characters. The loss of guardians, particularly in youth leaves the kin little choice yet to draw quality from one another as they grow up. As per Mack, kin who lose their folks when they are youthful will in general have more grounded grown-up connections than kin who lose their folks as grown-ups (145).Advertising Searching for inquire about paper on brain science? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More As they become more established, these kin figure out how to draw quality and motivation from one another, and the acknowledgment that they have just each other for help supports these connections. For example, the mutual battles between the two siblings, the storyteller and Sonny, in the long run fortify their relationship. Having conquered their underlying relations, the two siblings in â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† get the chance to value each other’s select dreams and wants throughout everyday life. Subsequently, the loss of guardians has the impact of reinforcing kin relations in general, particularly if the misfortune happens when the kids are youthful. These kin, by and large, are subsequently capable and ready to forfeit for one another and in this manner secure a conciliatory character particularly towards one another and those near them. In Conclusion, how kin identify with one another, particularly without guardians, capacities to draw out specific attributes a nd characters in the kin as a rule. The abrupt takeoff of a parent from the family scene significantly affects the quick and future prosperity of the youngsters. More often than not, the kids need to make passionate, good, social and even financial re-acclimations to their lives. All these re-modifications make the kin go to one another for help and consolation and such a relationship draws out specific characteristics in the kin. The senior kin will in general be mindful, sincerely develop, and unselfish, while the more youthful kin will in general be untrustworthy. Them two in the long run do build up a common regard and love for one another, in light of shared troublesome educational encounters as kin whose guardians are missing. Works Cited Dunn, Judy. â€Å"Sibling Relationships in Early Childhood.† Child Development 54.

Morrison Supermarket LTD Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Morrison Supermarket LTD - Essay Example All these and numerous other distinctive highlights have helped the Morrisons to develop throughout the years (Morrisons, 2010). As the size of tasks keep on becoming greater for the Morrisons, the stakes will in general get higher; with such an extended business arrangement, the chiefs at the organization accept that they are presented to certain level of dangers also. As indicated by them, if there is some episode that intrudes on their assembling or appropriation units, it may by and large influence the progression of business (Morrisons, 2010). Further, the working frameworks utilized by the greater part of the organization individuals are at the skirt of finishing their age, thusly the organization should devise another IT arrangement alongside substitution of old frameworks, with the new ones (Morrisons, 2010). Concerning the extraordinary development accomplished by the Morrisons over the most recent five years, the organization has chosen to extend its business. A portion of things to come objectives that the organization has set for itself incorporate building up of an across the country circulation chain all over UK; an expansion of 1.5 million square foot of selling space; improved access for the clients (Morrisons, 2010). Keeping these development goals unblemished, the organization needs to keep up an exceptionally gifted working group that could guarantee corporate social structure. The organization needs to amplify its benefits by setting up financially savvy creation units, and increasing direct access to horticultural produce. In addition, the utilization of natural agreeable activities is among the key goals for the accomplishment of the organization in future. Extension of the business by concocting sound IT arrangement has gotten inescapable, so the organization considers E-pr omoting as happenstance for upgrade of administrations (Morrisons, 2010). The impression of clients about a specific brand develops with the experience they increase subsequent to utilizing or devouring items/administrations offered by a

Black Power Movement Essay

Dark Power Movement Essay ZAHRAA JAINODIEN Presentation The disappointments of the Civil Rights Movement brought about the Black Power Movement. Individuals from the gathering felt that inactive obstruction was ridiculous and that for genuine change to happen, vicious direct activity would need to occur. Pioneers like Malcolm X felt that uninvolved opposition was not powerful. In addition to the fact that Black powered advance dark magnificence is brought together African Americans. For what reason did the BPM appear? The Civil Rights Movement accomplished numerous incredible things, their amazing fights made a gigantic measure of mindfulness for the mistreatment of dark individuals in America. Fights like the Montgomery Bus Boycott, The protests in 1960, the March on Lincoln Memorial, the Birmingham Campaign in 1963, Freedom summer of 1964, and the Selma-Montgomery walks, accomplished: the death of the Civil Rights Act by the American Congress in 1964. This prohibited segregation dependent on racial, ethnic, national, strict and sexual orientation character, and the death of the Voting Rights Act by the American Congress in 1965. Notwithstanding these demonstrations being passed dark individuals increased another fearlessness as the aftereffect of The CRM. Dark individuals additionally increased another compassion toward the things that they had lost during the CRM from their individual white residents of America. Notwithstanding the accomplishments of the CRM by 1965 the general financial states of African Americans were poor. They lived in ghettos which were packed and illnesses would frequently emerge because of the absence of offices, the ghettos were regularly in terrible conditions and more often than not unkempt[1]. Aside from the everyday environments, the vast majority of these individuals were jobless or paid low wages as openings for work were inadequate. This brought about destitution and wrongdoing and to numerous the accomplishments of the CRM were futile, they had lost all expectation. Despite the fact that they had accomplished social equality they were as yet dependent upon bounteous measures of separation regularly racial maltreatment and vicious assaults with this the police gave little insurance and now and again were blameworthy of these fierce assaults. The African Americans had no answer for this issue as they were educated by past pioneers like Martin Luther King that inactive opposition and common noncompliance were praiseworthy methods for disliking authority however many felt that this philosophy was deficient thus they went to progressively intense methods for resistance[2]. Dark force advanced dark interests and this spoke to many disappointed African Americans. Dark force became out of dark disappointment of the CRM. Despite the fact that the accomplishments of the CRM were excellent it was bad enough. A Ghetto during the 1960s What Influence did Malcolm X have on the advancement of the BPM? Malcolm X was an African American Muslim clergyman and a human rights dissident. Malcom X joined the Nation of Islam, which accepted that blacks were better than whites. They likewise had confidence in dark independence and that African Americans should come back to where they began from, Africa, as they accepted that they could never be bounteously acknowledged in American culture. Malcolm X got one of their best frank speakers. After his time as a feature of the Nation of Islam his relationship with the pioneer of the development Elijah Muhammad developed threatening [3] and he chose to leave the development. Malcolm X accepted that blacks reserved the privilege to protect themselves brutally notwithstanding a savage assault if important to accomplish their opportunity and equity. He didn't trust in incorporation among blacks and whites making him an early advocate of Black Nationalism. Along these lines he didn’t have faith in Martin Luther King’s philosophy of aloof obstruction, their absence of intensity was the establishment of Malcolm X’s obligation to support that fights be more assertive.[4] In spite of the fact that he was a firm devotee of the advancement of dark interests, dark confidence, dark self-pride and dark self-protection against racial mistreatment his perspectives started to change after his journey to mecca. He found that Muslims lecture correspondence of the races. In the wake of coming back to America he stayed persuaded that prejudice destroyed the soul of America and that solitary dark individuals could free themselves. Malcom X What were the fundamental convictions and points of the BPM? The Black Power Movement was deciphered in different manners and had numerous convictions at the end of the day a typical target, Black Nationalism. Dark force advanced dark interests, independent dark economy, Black self-pride and confidence. They accepted that dark individuals and white individuals ought not be coordinated in this way they encouraged a particular dark culture. [5] These thoughts caused erosion with pioneers of the Civil Rights Movement as the CRM progressed in the direction of social equity while Black Power had confidence in dark division. Not all gatherings were agreeable to Black Nationalism, The Black Panther party had confidence in Self-protection against racial persecution. They additionally accepted that the structure of intensity in America was imbalanced [6] and that lion's share of the individuals in power in America were white along these lines making it unreasonable, they accepted that ethnic minorities were financially abused and that it should have been amended. Dark force put stock in dark control of their networks, they didn’t have faith in peaceful fights as they accepted that immediate activity was increasingly powerful. Supporters of the Black Power Movement started embracing particular methods for dressing, particularly ladies who at that point concluded that their closet would be more formally dressed enlivened than European. They authored a term â€Å"Black is Beautiful†[7] and this turned into their mantra, people were approached to quit fixing their hair and blanching their skin, as in American culture it was accepted that specific dark attributes were bothersome, along these lines people wore an afro hairdo to show their freshly discovered trust in being dark. They accepted that time was not to be squandered on demonstrating to the white individuals that they were equivalent yet rather that, that opportunity to be spent on teaching the dark network of dark force , building organizations and giving security to individual dark residents. What techniques did the BPM utilize? There were different techniques that were utilized by the individuals from the BPM. During the Civil Rights Movement, an association called the Student Non-vicious Coordinating Committee (SNCC) was a peaceful council that would take an interest in demonstrations and opportunity rides, challenging the disparity among white and dark individuals. It began peacefully yet later on during the 60s it fell under the initiative of an enthusiastic Stokely Carmichael and this association turned into an antecedent of the BPM. The Black Panther Party did the vast majority of the systems when it came to teaching the dark individuals of dark force. The Black Panther Party was at first framed to shield dark individuals from police ruthlessness yet under the initiative of Stokely Carmichael the Black Panther Party embraced Black Nationalism. A large number of the individuals from the gathering conveyed guns with them; this was idea to shield the dark individuals from the police yet additionally made them look exceptionally scary showing their reasonable in spite of the Civil Rights Movement. Greater part of the dark individuals were unskilled and this made an issue for the gathering as handouts couldn't be made along these lines it was trivial if nobody could understand them, so the pioneers settled on choices to fuse mindfulness in less exacting manner. â€Å"They could have leafleted the network and they could have composed books, however the individuals would not react. They needed to act and the individuals could see and catch wind of it and in this manner become taught on the best way to react to oppression.†[8] They concluded that wrongdoing and destitution in the ghettos could be diminished in the event that they utilized individuals who were keen on passing on radical change. Aside from being answerable for different crimes the BBP shaped outfitted gatherings for self-preservation against the police, this was their procedure to secure themselves and thought of Black Nationalism. Under this gathering the fundamental center was that dark individuals would be liberated from white individuals totally, and that they just depended on themselves and others falling under the dark country. Individuals from the BBP How effective was the BPM? It is proposed that Black Power made constructive, enduring commitments to the African American lifestyle.[9] It made more noteworthy racial pride among the dark individuals in America. Dark individuals turned out to be all the more tolerating of their American legacy, they noticed that they would be more grounded as nation than as isolated races. African Americans were presently dealt with, ghettos diminished just as wrongdoing and destitution. Dark voters were enriched to help their dark candidates[10]. The Black Power Movement likewise shaped a way; dark understudies were currently allowed the chance to learn at college with no racial mistreatment or separation. In spite of the fact that we like to accept that racial separation no longer existed in America, it did it despite everything does. The Black Power Movement likewise made a solid dark culture for African Americans, this was something that they could identify with, and this culture comprised of profound music, whimsical style and genuine writing. The BPM additionally framed a stage for social resilience in America, as various societies were currently acknowledged among individuals of the nation. What is the inheritance of the BPM today? The Black Power Movement set down a principal stage for the progression of African Americans. Dark Power was by all account not the only contributing element, yet the Civil Rights Movement additionally assumed a major job in accomplishing fairness for African Americans. Under the Civil Rights Movement, Civil Rights Acts were passed, race segregation got unlawful and this gave African Americans another sort of confidence and self-assurance in who they were as Americans. In spite of the fact that the Black Power Movement â€Å"ended† the soul today stil

Financial Hedging On Firm Value And Performance In Sector - 13750 Words

The Impacts Of Financial Hedging On Firm Value And Performance In The Ict Sector (Dissertation Sample) Content: THE IMPACTS OF FINANCIAL HEDGING ON FIRM VALUE AND PERFORMANCE IN THE ICT SECTORName:Institution:Date:TABLE OF CONTENTSContents Page1: Introduction..................61.1:Guiding Hypothesis........................................................................................................102: Literature Review and Theory..................122.1: The Modigliani and Miller Theorem....122.2: The Theories of Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM).132.3: Why Companies hedge ................................................................................................152.3.1: Minimizing the Underinvestment Problem....................152.3.2 Managerial Risk Adversion, Compensation, and Hedging......172.3.3 Debt and Hedging Policies202.3.4 Tax Benefits and Hedging Policies202.4 Summary......313. Methodology......................323.1 Research Approach and St rategy.............................323.2 Data..323.3 Research Procedures....................333.4 Statistical Distributions for Diagnostic Tests..................383.5 Limitation....................404.Results and Analysis..........................................................................................................444.1 Descriptive Statistics.......................................................................................................444.2 Pearson Correlation.........................................................................................................484.3 Ordinary Least Square Result.........................................................................................514.4 Pooled Data Analysis.....................................................................................................534.5 Empirical Findings........................................................................................................554.5.1 Statistical Test...... .......................................................................................................564.5.2 Hedging and Firm Value Using Multivariate Test.....................................................564.5.3 Robustness..................................................................................................................574.6 Analysis of the Findings................................................................................................595 Conclusion, Implications, Limitations and Recommendations........................................625. 1Conclusion.....................................................................................................................625.2 Implications...................................................................................................................625.3 Limitations and Recommendations...............................................................................64List of AbbreviationsFTSE-NASDAQ-SW-SwapsOP- OptionsFO-ForwardsFU-FuturesCM-Commodity priceFX-Foreign exchange rateIR-Interest rateCAPM-Capital Asset Pricing ModelCAPEX- Capital Pricing ExchangeDPS-Dividend Price ShareDW-Durbin-WatsonICT-Information Communication and TechnologyMM-Modigliani and MillerAPV-adjusted present valueFPO-fixed payment obligationsGMM-Generalized Method of MomentsJSE-Johannesburg Stock ExchangeFCD-Foreign Currency DerivativesFASB-Financial Accounting Standards BoardEXECUTIVE SUMMARYStrategic risk management has increased in significance in the past decades, shifting from pure risk mitigation towards value creation. The 2008-09 financial crises have resulted in a new scrutiny to the application of financial derivatives. The financial crisis issues were routed within the unclearly designed US mortgage security whose ratings failed to reflect risk that the holders of mortgage security have undertaken. The objective of the study was to investigate the impacts of financial hedging on firm value and performan ce in the ICT sector. The methodology used in this study is quantitative. The data was gathered from Thomson Reuters Datastream based on ICT companies in FTSE-All Share Index, with similar hand-gathered data from the annual reports between 2011 and 2015. The focus is solely on non-financial companies listed in the New York Stock Exchange and the NASDAQ-because we wanted to avoid scenarios where derivatives are utilized for speculative reasons instead of hedging. Our sample included 100 ICT companies. Using Tobins Q for estimating firm market values and hedging as the control variable, I discovered insignificant evidence that use of hedging has a positive impact on firm value. However, the study found evidence regarding other variables such as profitability, firm size, leverage, and dividend influence firm value.CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTIONStrategic risk management has increased in significance in the past decades, shifting from pure risk mitigation towards value creation. The 2008-09 fi nancial crises have resulted in a new scrutiny to the application of financial derivatives. The financial crisis issues were rooted within the unclearly designed US mortgage security whose ratings failed to reflect risk that the holders of mortgage security have undertaken. The United States housing collapse brought the financial system on the brink of collapse, causing the unresolved economic downturn. This caused severe damage to the banking industrys reputation and created a perception that financial derivatives could be harmful instruments, supporting Warren Buffets perception that derivatives are mass destruction financial weapons.Nevertheless, the derivatives, which had triggered massive damage in the economic downturns, were those that financial institutions held. With the exception of a few, three nonfinancial companies had effectively dealt with the held derivative securities, thus reinforcing the assertion raised in past literature that non-financial companies utilized der ivatives for hedging.Nonfinancial companies participated in risk management regularly, as documented in annual reports and surveys. Yet, according to Modigliani and Miller (1958) investors may replicate whatever risk management mechanism companies chose to follow and, if so, hedging financial risks was unnecessary. However, theories of risk management (for example, Smith and Stulz, 1985; Bessembinder, 1991; Froot et al., 1993; and Leland, 1998; Allayannis and Weston, 2001; and Carter et al., 2006) advocated that, because of capital market imperfections, using derivatives for strategies of risk management might influence firm value for example, through increment of debt capacity for taking advantage of debt tax-shields, mitigating underinvestment, reduction of financial distress costs and anticipated taxes.In recent years,Aretz and Bartram (2009) offered empirical evidence alongside additional theoretical arguments that were supportive of the notion that hedging might increase firm value. Additionally, there are studies, which reveal that the impact of hedging on firm value is related to the country and dependent on the maturity, debt level and dividend policy, holdings on operating hedging and liquid assets, level of business geographic diversification and firm size, as well as the industry (Bodnar, 2013).With the exception of a few, the literature has emphasized th...

The Pacific Oil Company Case - 1100 Words

The Pacific Oil Company (Essay Sample) Content: The Pacific Oil CompanyName:Institution:Date:The Pacific Oil CompanyProblems Pacific Oil Company Faced As It Reopened Negotiations with Reliant Chemical Company in Early 1985One of the main problems the Pacific Oil Company faced on reopening negotiations with Reliant Chemical Company is increased competition. Several companies that produced similar products as those of Pacific Oil Company had announced plans for the construction of vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) manufacturing facilities, which were expected to be functional within the next 20 to 30 months. With many of its major competitors developing their VCM manufacturing facilities, it follows unconditionally that their cost of production reduces. A reduced cost of production often has a significant impact on the buyout prices of the products. Hence, Pacific Oil Company, which was still dependent on Reliant Chemical Company to supply it with VCM, was subject to massive competition from the rivaling companies that wi ll be producing their raw materials. This eventually puts Pacific Oil Company in an awkward position in setting prices of products for which customers are willing to pay while at the same time maintaining its competitive advantage in the market.With several other companies planning to establish VCM manufacturing facilities, it is obvious that the supply of these products is likely to increase. As a principle of demand and supply suggests, increase in supply of products and services without a proportional increase in demand, brings an imbalance in the market. Therefore, an increase in the supply of VCM in the market with no increased in demands at the same measure will certainly trigger a drop in the value of the product. With the Pacific Oil Company aware of this principle, it has to ensure that the Reliant Chemical Company reduces the prices of the VCM products by significant percentage in order to meet the changes in the future market. However, Reliant Chemical Company will not ea sily accept to reduce the value of its products on reasons that are not yet a reality in the market. Due to that, it becomes a challenge for Pacific Oil Company to negotiate the terms of a new contract that guarantees better returns with Reality Chemical Company.The Pacific Oil Company is equally likely to find problems in maintaining its current customers, as well as attracting more customers to its operations. It is undisputed in a situation where the market turns from high demands to excess supply; customers are bound to move from one company to the other in search for better offers. Excess supply leads to increased surplus levels, which consequently decreases the purchase price to clear off excess stocks. Nevertheless, all business ventures aim at making profit. Thus, the Pacific Company ought to devise strategies with which to cope with the market situation, which is prospected to have excess supply of the VCM. It can achieve this by increasing its production while at the same time maintaining its customers. This is a huge challenge, which the management of Pacific Oil Company mandatorily has to consider before signing a new long-term contract with Reliant Chemical Company.Styles and Effectiveness of Different Participants in the Renewal of the Contract between Pacific Oil Company and Reliant Chemical CompanyJean Fontaine is the marketing Vice President of Pacific Oil Company in Europe. He is the main ambassador of the companys operations across Europe. Alongside advertising the operations of Pacific Oil Company, Fontaine ensures that only deals that are productive and beneficial for the company go through. Like any other marketing agent, Fontaine is responsible to bring business partners with the best offers and quality to the company (Fifield, 2012). As for the case study on Pacific Oil Company, Fontaines approach of consulting other stakeholders of the company before deciding if the company should or should not sign a new contract, is commendable. Howe ver, he does not consider the future situation of the company and the long-term eligibility of the contract. This subjects the Pacific Oil Company to the risk of getting losses if it signs a contract whose terms would not be profitable to the company for long.Paul Guardin is the VCM manager for Reliant Chemical Company. His primary responsibility is to ensure adequate market of VCM at all times. Due to his roles, he is the main link between the Pacific Oil Company and the Reliant Chemical Company. He has established himself as an effective marketer as he consistently holds meetings with Fontaine to ensure the contract between their companies yields. Moreover, he puts the interests of his company first and is never willing to negotiate any terms that would not be profitable to the company. He also works as a team, as he often consults other stakeholders of the company, more so, Zinnser before making any critical decisions on matters affecting the company.Frederich Hauptmann is the se nior purchasing manager of Reliant Chemical Company. He is responsible to supervise and authorize all purchases in relation to the products produced by Reliant Chemical Company (Guth, 2007). In this case, Hauptmann is very effective, as he refuses to justify any long-term (5) contracts between Reliant Chemical Company and Pacific Oil Company. He cites such reasons as rapid fluctuations in demand, pricing structure, and increased competition of Reliants product lines as possible factors that may affect the long-term profitability the contract. He does this to avoid any chances of exposing his company into massive foreseeable and preventable economic risk. Egon Zinnser is the regional Vice President of Reliant Chemical Companys European Operations, and the immediate supervisor of Hauptmann. In this case, Zinnser negotiates the adjustments of the VCM process from 2% per pound to 1% per pound reduction. This increases the income of Reliant Company. As Garrett (2005) documents, effectiv e contract negotiators must ma...

Narrative Writing High School - 917 Words

When I discovered that BC’s core required a freshman writing class, I was irritated and dreaded the experience so much that I delayed taking the course to second semester. Very confident in my writing ability as my high school featured a grueling English department and having received high grades on my history and sociology essays in first semester classes, I presumed that I wouldn’t learn anything in FWS. Though I struggled with the drafting process, as my preferred method of essay writing involved writing the entire piece to perfection in one sitting and then turning it in, I figured that since I received good grades on papers, my writing did not need and would not undergo any improvements. Even with some experience with narrative writing in high school, I completely underestimated the breadth of and the strategies for different rhetorical situations. Lastly, I had little to no willingness to share my papers, my drafts, or even my ideas until I was certain they had be en crafted impeccably. Though I had my reservations, FWS has been an invaluable experience in further honing my writing skills. Throughout my journey in the course, I have learned to appreciate the vital process of peer review, I now recognize the importance of drafting and revising, and can now successfully navigate the library. Though I had been forced to engage in unfocused and unsuccessful peer reviews in high school, learning how to properly give and receive peer revisions in FWS has been incrediblyShow MoreRelatedImportance Of Personal Writing915 Words   |  4 Pagestrouble with writing effectively. I had absolutely no interest in learning to write, which was mostly because of how difficult it was to me. Often, I found it boring. As I got older, I found interest in music and poetry, sparking my interest to learn to write like musicians and poets. Up until that point, I had always been writing papers for school, often to write research papers or to write forced narratives. I never wrote anything for myself until about junior year in high school. I did alwaysRead MoreReading Reflection Essay1424 Words   |  6 PagesThe transition from high school writing to college level reading and writing can be scary. The thought of having to write a paper at a higher level than what is used to can be intimidating, especially if the student feels unprepared. I know this was the case for me. I felt extremely unprepared for a college writing class. I did not have really any experience in writing papers, and no experience at all with having to read a complicated article, and then write a paper based on the information fromRead MoreMy School Experience Reading And Writing905 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout my school experience reading and writing was always a struggle for me. I did not like to read because I could not remember anything I read, and I did not like to write because what I wrote was unorganized. Reading also can help improve writing, but when I was younger , I was stubborn and not aware of that. I had no confidence and thought I was never going to achieve good grades in an English class. So I let my grades slip and with that I decided to not go to college after high school. A few yearsRead MoreAnalyzing An Advertisement Of My Choice From A Magazine847 Words   |  4 PagesReflecting on English Composition I This semester I took dual enrollment English Composition I. Not only did this class give me college credit, it strengthened my writing skills as well. I was challenged to write a variety of essays that focused on different writing styles. The first essay I was asked to write was an advertisement analysis. In this essay, I had to analyze an advertisement of my choice from a magazine. I chose to analyze an advertisement for the Toyota 4Runner. When my teacher firstRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography1469 Words   |  6 PagesAnnotated Bibliography Tyre, Peg. The Writing Revolution. The Atlantic. The Atlantic, Oct. 2012. Web. 20 Feb. 2013. The writing Revolution is written by Peg Tyre, who is the director of strategy at the Edwin Gould Foundation. He describes an education reform the occurred at Dorp High School, a school which otherwise may have been closed due to poor academic performance. The schools leader, Deirdre DeAngelis, drastically reformed the school’s curriculum and teaching methodologyRead MoreThe Importance Of Writing760 Words   |  4 Pagesthe years I have become very familiar with writing long papers, reading books and articles, and researching different topics. I can remember not knowing where to even start writing a paragraph in third grade to not knowing where to start writing a one-page paper in middle school. I finally got to high school and two to three-page essays was all I knew. In elementary I was already reading chapter books, and writing summaries for submission. By high school I was reading two books at a time. The onlyRead MoreMy Reflection Of Writing993 Words   |  4 PagesOverview: In English 101 there are several aspects of writing that I did not get to explore while attending my high school. I appreciate that this class gave us freedom to write our stories without harsh guidelines that twisted our creativity. In the beginning half of the semester I wrote a narrative essay about a night in high school that I will never forget and a profile essay that included an interview about my advisor’s advice for freshman engineering students. The second half of the semesterRead MoreDifference Between High School And College1294 Words   |  6 PagesThe authors essay is effective on distinguishing the difference between high school and college, but still still need to fix on being more in depth and also work on grabbing the audience attention. The authors have good structure by comparing and contrasting because it helped to give the difference between high school and college, to inform their audience, which is new incoming freshman s on what to expect in college. Comparing and contrasting makes a good argument, because it gives audiences theRead MoreLiteracy Narrative Essay example854 Words   |  4 PagesWriting has always been my most difficult part of English. Reading, on the other hand, is something I could do all day; however, with writing, I grimace just thinking about it. It was not that I did not have anything to say, because I actually have quite a bit to say. I just could never figure out how to phrase what I had to say in just right way on the page. My mom taught me to read and write at a young age. After that, I would devour any book that I could get my hands on. However, I have hadRead MoreCbt And Narrative Therapy For My Client s Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Diagnosis Essay1747 Words   |  7 PagesInt roduction Throughout the semester, we analyzed two very different treatment modalities of therapeutic interventions. These methods were Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Narrative Therapy. The framework and strategy behind each of these concepts could benefit a particular client depending on diagnosis and various other factors. Moreover, in some instances, a combination of both therapeutic interventions may be most constructive. In this paper, I will introduce my client and provide details

Is Art Important For Human Evolution - 901 Words

Art is crucial to human evolution because it is both a medium of expression that allows humans to evolve and is also key evidence of human evolution. The development and evolution of the human conscious has a direct correlation to the art created from each time period and has allowed researchers to interpret it, using it as a gateway into early human life. Art acts as a window into the minds and lifestyles of our ancestors. It has influenced the development, evolution, and the process of natural selection through culture. â€Å"Evidence suggests that music remains just as essential to the human race now as it did 70,000-80,000 years ago.† (Harvey, 2011) Music, song, and dance as art forms have completely integrated with the art works to tell a whole story of the human culture, its history, and its beliefs. The art of music implements cohesion among a society and acts as a framework to our social architecture. â€Å"For many, the evolution of art in Homo sapiens is a unique ev ent that is linked to the evolution of the cognitively modern mind.† (Harvey, 2011) As the human mind has evolved, so has art. Sounds, especially music has had a direct effect on the evolution of mankind. Recent studies have shown how the mnemonic structure of music aids and promotes memory, learning, and the organization of knowledge. It is also proven to add structure to time. Cultures and the human species have continued to do and create art over several time periods because it allows humans to not onlyShow MoreRelated Evolution as a Creative Process Essay example968 Words   |  4 PagesEvolution as a Creative Process Evolution is a process that has taken billions of years, and will continue for billions more.It takes hundreds of generations for an evolutionary change to occur, or an impending extinction to become evident. Humans find it difficult to see themselves evolving due to their longer life span, and fewer generations over time compared to other species. It has become a common misconception that humans are finished evolving, and that they have reached the best and mostRead MoreDesign And Innovation : The Sphinx Of Taharqo1171 Words   |  5 PagesDESIGN AND INNOVATION: THE SPHINX OF TAHARQO INTRODUCTION: Since its establishment, the British Museum has been an iconic symbol of human culture, art, and history. It was built around 263 years ago and has served as the storehouse for many iconic discoveries over the centuries (Caleca, 1979). With a collection of almost 8 million artifacts and historical objects, it s hard to choose one. Each object has its own value in the museum and reflects the ancient times (Caleca, 1979). In this paper, weRead More Mutations in Nature and Culture Essay767 Words   |  4 Pagesvariations that lead to evolution in species. In a sci-fi/ horror flick sense, one might think of a vicious monster that after contact with some radioactive substance became terribly disfigured. But rarely do we associate mutations with ideas pervasive to our culture. Daniel Dennett suggests that memes undergo a certain kind of mutation that is inherent to the creative evolution of culture. The most important distinction to be made between mutation as it applies to biological evolution, and how it appliesRead MoreAnalysis Of Leo Tolstoy s The French Artist 1258 Words   |  6 Pagesaesthetical assessment of art, and the role progress plays in regards to it, contrast greatly from that of the French artist, Marcel Duchamp. However connections can be made between their various aesthetical art theories, including in a way, the relationship the art has with the viewer. Although the audience’s role is radically different to each, it is essential component to both, Duchamp’s and Tolstoy’s aesthetical theories. Tolstoy approaches the aesthetic view of art as a necessity to societyRead MoreHow Anthropologists Interpret Cave Art1381 Words   |  6 Pages(2013:5), is to decipher the beliefs and mindset of past societies, particularly early inhabitants of Europe and America, through their material culture, such as the cave art found in Lascaux. This cave, located in southern France, contains what is believed to be one of the oldest artistic representations of wild animals and art; it has captured the interest of numerous scientists, philosophers and historians, all of whom wish to make sense of these enigmatic images (Lippit 2002:20). With the multitudeRead MoreThe Evolution of Religion Essay967 Words   |  4 PagesThe Evolution of Religion As long as humans have walked the Earth, we have sought out answers. Answers for questions like: Why are we here? Where do we go when we die? Where did we come from? and Whats that? How different people answered these questions is important to study because it shows us the spiritual side of human nature. Especially now, a time of conflict between Islam and Western Civilization, it is important to look back and trace the evolution of religion. To see whereRead MoreMy Views On Evolution Of Evolution Essay990 Words   |  4 Pagesabout my ideas of evolution. Me: Can you give me a brief rundown of your theory of evolution? I know of evolution, but your definition slipped my mind. Darwin: Yes, though I would enjoy a stroll around this lake. How about when we walk along the lakeshore completely, our conversation will end? Me: That sounds wonderful. Darwin stands and we begin to walk. The slow pace allows more time for our conversation to extend. Darwin: To put it in the simplest terms, my theory of evolution begins with the consideringRead MoreArt Galleries And Art Museums1424 Words   |  6 Pagesintellectual evolution and divergence of the public thought on objects that are placed inside. Today we question the values of seeing those objects; for an example, museum sceptics undermine the value of museums and collections. Nevertheless, there are several main points that argue against the beliefs of â€Å"museum sceptics† and they propose that when seeing objects in a museum we gain value of praising and preserving the past, preserving cultural heritage and acquire an educational value. Art galleriesRead MoreThe Art Of Nursing Theory957 Words   |  4 PagesRunning head: The Art of Nursing Theory The Art of Nursing Theory Basimah Sewell New Jersey City University Newman’s theory involves the concepts of health, consciousness, movement, and space-time. All of these concepts are factors that embody health as the expansion of consciousness. As a visual representation of this theory I have chosen a work of art by a local artist by the name of Gerald Arthur titled â€Å"The Fine Line and the Hereafter†. Much like Newman’s grand theory, Arthur’sRead MoreAncient Works of Art in Fred Kleiner’s Gardner’s Art Through the Ages772 Words   |  3 PagesIn Fred Kleiner’s Gardner’s Art Through the Ages, he has listed some of the oldest and most ancient works of art discovered from different archeological site, which were later transferred to various museums. As we delve deeper into the chapters, we discover how art forms evolve across different time lines – from the art of the Paleolithic period to the arts of the near-East and Egypt. The works of art across the different timelines also indica te the kind of culture people have, because such culture

Bronfenbrenner Analysis Essay - 1174 Words

Bronfenbrenner Analysis Name: Course: Tutor: Date: Urie Bronfenbrenner is today credited and known in the psychology development field for the development of the ecological systems theory constructed to offer an explanation of the way everything in a child and their environment affects the whole child development. Bronfenbrenner ecological theory has levels or aspects of the environment containing roles, norms, and rules defining child development namely the microsystem, the mesosystem, the exosytem, the macrosystem and the chronosystem. The subsequent discussion offers an analysis of these levels and their influence to child development, and then offers a personal analysis of the influence of the ecological theory in decision making.†¦show more content†¦The next level in the system is the mesosystem showing the impact of the interaction of the different structures in the microsystem in the development of the child (Belgrave amp; Allison 239). The essence of the mesosy tem is providing a connection between the microsystem players such as the teacher and the parents, of the church and neighborhood, thus making the impact more profound. Oswalt gives an example of a parent or caregiver taking an active role in a child’s school interactions such as attending matches and parent-teacher conferences thus ensuring overall growth. An involved parent within this example is likely to have a positive impact, while disagreeing parents and caregivers may give conflicting lessons hindering holistic growth. The third stage of Bronfenbrenner model is the exosystem level, which encompasses other people and places that have an impact on the child’s growth despite the child not having a direct interaction with these people or places. The exosytem level contains the larger society such as parent workplaces, community-based resources, which may negatively or positively influence on the child although they do not have a direct interaction with the places. For example, the workplace affects the child’s growth by ensuring providence, meaning that if a parent is laid off the childShow MoreRelatedEssay about Bronfenbrenner Analysis1844 Words   |  8 PagesRunning head: BRONFENBRENNER ANALYSIS Bronfenbrenner Analysis COUN 5004 Survey of Research in Human Development and Behavior Lynette Rollins-Barrett Capella University April 6, 2012 2. Abstract This essay will give a brief description of Urie Bronfenbrenner contribution to the psychology. It will assess Bronfenbrenner ecological theory of development. It will examine the Bronfenbrenner Ecological Model of Human DevelopmentRead MoreBronfenbrenner Analysis of Ecological Human Development Theory1294 Words   |  6 PagesThe ecological theory of development was created by a Russian American psychologist named Urie Bronfenbrenner. He developed the theory based on his belief that all children grow and develop differently based on their environmental factors and the situations surrounding those environmental factors. The theory was comprised of four levels and later a fifth level was added. The microsystem level focused on those factors that immediately surrounded the child. Those factors could include: family, schoolRead MoreBronfenbrenner s Theory And Conduct A Case Study Analysis2426 Words   |  10 Pagespaper is to apply Bronfenbrenner’s theory and conduct a case st udy analysis about a terrifying massive shooting involving Adam Lanza who had acted out destructively against society bringing terrors to the families in Newtown, Connecticut. It is difficult to choose one developmental theory that is a perfect fit to any one person’s development being that each theorist has very relevant and valid ideas about human development. Bronfenbrenner proposes that each individual’s development is rooted in a networkRead MoreThe Ecological Systems Theory Developed by Urie Bronfenbrenner1314 Words   |  5 PagesThe Ecological Systems theory developed by Urie Bronfenbrenner exposes these influences and discusses how they can either have a positive or negative impact on the relationship children have with their parents, peers and community. In an ever-changing occupation, it is important that theories can first be practically used throughout the industry, and also adapted easily when changes are made throughout time. Developed in 1979 by Urie Bronfenbrenner the Ecology Systems Theory focuses on the developmentRead MoreAnalysis Of Bronfenbrenner s Ecological Model1216 Words   |  5 Pageswith â€Å"dignity and respect† when working with them. We can do this by taking a closer look at the family in the context of culture and family dynamics. In a short sample, I will synthesize interview responses of two parents through the lens of Bronfenbrenner s ecological model to further explore their discipline, feelings, communication styles, and cultural perspectives. First, I think it is important to introduce an important component of the child within the context of their microsystem, the parentsRead MoreBronfenbrenners Ecological Theory of Development Essay1559 Words   |  7 PagesContext or Human Ecology theory, specifies four types of nested environmental systems, with bi-directional influences within and between the systems. The theory was developed by Urie Bronfenbrenner, generally regarded as one of the worlds leading scholars in the field of developmental psychology (Bronfenbrenner 1979). Bronfenbrenners Ecological Theory of Development The ecological theory is Bronfenbrenners sociocultural view of development which focuses on the changing relations betweenRead MoreRelations of Urie Bronfenbrenner the Ecological Systems Theory to the â€Å"Growing up in New Zealand† 1137 Words   |  5 Pagesfindings from the â€Å"Growing up in New Zealand† study. I have chosen Urie Bronfenbrenner the Ecological Systems Theory. I will look at the findings of the Now We Are Born Report that has collated study cohort data from birth to 9 months old (Morton, Atatoa-Carr, Grant, Lee, Bandara, Mohal, Kinloch†¦et al 2012). I will discuss how two finding relate to Brofenbreener’s model. Urie Bronfenbrenner: Ecological System Theory Urie Bronfenbrenner states â€Å"that in order to understand human development, one must considerRead MoreThe Macrosystem: From Child to Adult Essay1384 Words   |  6 Pageswith and ecological context. Mental health and community counseling assess for personal and ecological strengths and assets in addition to symptoms and deficits. One of the well known scholars in the field of developmental psychology, Urie Bronfenbrenner has been the primary contributor to the ecological systems theory. The ecological theory defines four types of systems which contain roles, norms and rules that shape development. The systems include a microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystemRead MoreThe Theory And The Biopsychosocial Theory Essay1734 Words   |  7 Pagesused them to better herself and those around her. She is a loving and hardworking woman who works for anything and everything she wants. Theory Analysis/Application Ecosystems Theory The ecosystems theory is a combination of two theories, actually. It is the Ecological theory and the Systems theory. The ecological theory, developed by Urie Bronfenbrenner in 1979, â€Å"explains human development by describing aspects of the individual, the environment, and the interaction between the two† (Rogers, 2013Read MoreTheoretical Models for Understanding Behavior2135 Words   |  9 Pageswould learn from child B. Uri Bronfenbrenner is another known theorist for the ecological model. He is widely known for the showing that child development circled around the family, school, and environment. For the child to be educated it all depends on the environment surrounding the child. There are many factors in his theory; for example, a child is living in a non-supporting home that causes a trickling affect for the child to be unsuccessful. Bronfenbrenner emphasizes all of the elements

The Food And Drug Administration - 843 Words

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved naltrexone in 1994 to assist in the treatment of alcohol dependence (Mark et. al, 2003). According to multiple studies of various sizes the medication has been proven to be highly beneficial in assisting with alcohol withdrawal and relapse (Leavitt, 2002; Rohsenow, 2004; Williams, 2005). With the approval of the FDA and the backing of many studies, why is this wonder drug not being more widely used? The following will address how naltrexone works and how it compares to other medications used in the treatment of alcohol dependence. Also included is the reasoning behind the professional hesitance in prescribing naltrexone. The Beginning and its Workings Naltrexone was the first medication in fifty years to be approved and marketed for the purpose of treating alcohol dependence (Mark et. al, 2003). Most commonly known as ReVia, the medication is recommended for use in conjunction with psychosocial therapy (KAP, 2010; Leavitt, 2002). The original purpose of naltrexone was for the treatment of opioid addictions such as morphine or other opiate drugs. Eventually, its benefits to those who are alcohol dependent became apparent. The medication works for alcohol dependence as it does for opiate addiction. As an opioid antagonist, naltrexone removes the reward or the ‘high’ when alcohol is consumed by blocking the opioids in the brain (Substance Abuse, 2012). By blocking the endogenous opioids in the brain, the medication hasShow MoreRelatedThe Food And Drug Administration1204 Words   |  5 PagesThe Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is best known for its role on protecting the health of the public by making sure that food, medications are safe and effective. Especially when it comes to the pharmaceutical industry, its mission is to regulate pharmaceutical manufacturers, as well as the drug approval process. However, in the recent years, many arguments and controversy regarding drug development and regulation have risen. Drug advertisements make false and misleading claims, products areRead MoreThe Food And Drug Administration Essay848 Words   |  4 PagesThe Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is responsible for protecting and promoting  public health  through regulating pharmaceutical drugs, biologics and medical device in context to granting approvals for marketing authorization, surveillance of the clinical trial study of the drug, post-marketing surveillance of the medical product, etc. The Pharmaceutical companies seek for FDA approval for a new drug to be marketed through a long process. This process starts with applying an application knownRead MoreThe Fo od And Drug Administration1017 Words   |  5 Pagescosmetic products on the market all over the world than ever before. There has also been an emphasis on beauty and how one presents themselves to others. The combination of these factors lead to an increase in demand for cosmetics. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has little to no control over the regulation over the safety of the ingredients included in personal care products on the market. Problems arise because there are known and identified toxic chemicals in many cosmetics, but not muchRead MoreThe Food And Drug Administration898 Words   |  4 Pagespolicy, foods, such as fruits, vegetables, grains, and their byproducts, derived from plant varieties developed by the new methods of genetic modification are regulated within the existing framework of the act† (FDA). In other words, instead of creating new regulations that are specific to these completely unique food products, they are put within the umbrella of o ther â€Å"natural† products. As time passes it appears to be harder to establish strict regulations to manage genetically modified food. AccordingRead MoreThe Food And Drug Administration1740 Words   |  7 Pagesto decline and present a risk to future food security. As a world, we are facing an adaptation deficit leaving us very vulnerable and thus, we must seek to find alternative resources to adapt and mitigate the risk to agriculture. One solution might be attributed to genetically modified foods, which are found in 80% of processed foods today, much to the unawareness of public consumers. In America, the Food and Drug Administration has the authority over food labeling and it has concluded that thereRead MoreThe Food And Drug Administration1903 Words   |  8 Pages2016. On December 1, 2014, the US Food and Drug Administration released a Final Rule clarifying the requirements, which include easy-to-see calorie counts for all â€Å"standard menu items,† as well as the inclusion of statements communicating the average daily intake of 2,000 calories and informing consumers that more detailed nutritional information can be obtained by request (Goldman, 2015). The goal of this rule is â€Å"to make nutrition information for certain foods available to consumers in a directRead MoreThe Food And Drug Administration2463 Words   |  10 PagesConsumers thus should be concerned what they put in their bodies. The Food and Drug Administration is regulating food, but people are sicker now than they ever have been. Not only them, but the big pharmaceutical companies also play a role in this giving drugs to people to help their problems but end up with a host of other problems from their fix. With this project I hope to show how incompetent the Food and Drug Administration is by unveiling what synthetic vitamins really are, the chemicals usedRead MoreThe Food And Drug Administration1142 Words   |  5 PagesAndy Nunez English 1101 Amy Sandefur 9 September 2014 Dear Michael Taylor, As senior advisor of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), I understand that you must have thousand of proposals being addressed to you everyday. I also understand that the FDA is responsible for tests that use dogs, primates and other species as test subjects to meet legal safety requirements. (Navs.org) At the same time, I, and millions of other people believe that the laws on animal experimentation need to be reviewedRead MoreThe Food And Drug Administration1430 Words   |  6 Pagesto the sugary taste of many foods and go by many names – saccharin, aspartame, and sucralose  ¬Ã¢â‚¬â€œ but they are all formulated by chemical engineers. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) describes artificial sweeteners as â€Å"probably safe,† and this statement has proven to be quite true (Nestle). For several years, aspartame and saccharin have been linked to weight gain and cancer in consumers and lab animals (Nestle). Because artificial sweeteners are used in many food pro ducts (most commonly dietRead MoreThe Food And Drug Administration1298 Words   |  6 PagesIn 2000, the US Food and Drug Administration issued a health claim which states that consuming foods containing plant sterol and stanol esters along with other low cholesterol and saturated fat foods can reduce the risk of coronary heart disease (Jones, Vanstone, Raeini-Sarjaz, St-Onge, 2003). Today, many functional foods in the form of margarines, spread, yogurt, and others, have been enriched with phytosterols and advocated as being able to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. Phytosterols

Strategic Management and Information Systems Technologies and Communi

Question: *Discuss the effects of managing information resources, new technologies and communication networks on the business value and competitiveness of an organisation. * Analyse the effects of information systems on strategic decision-making. * Evaluate the importance of knowledge to the management of an organisation. * Analyse an organisations ability to implement Business Continuity Planning. * Evaluate the legal and ethical requirements of an organisation from an information systems perspective. Answer: Introduction Middletons is a chain of stationary outlets that is aimed at incorporating advanced ICT solutions within their organizational structure, so as to cater to the demands of their customers (Al-Zubi, Shaban and Alnaser 2014). Besides this, the management of the organization is well aware of the very fact that the implementation of modern internet technologies would not only facilitate the process of improving the operational functionalities of the organization, but would also help them to regain their foothold in the market (Chen, Chiang and Storey 2012). This particular report provides an in-depth discussion on the various ICT systems that should be implemented at Middletons so as to meet their business objectives. The efficiency of E-business ventures (in the retail sector) has also been discussed, along with the ethical and security considerations that have to be made during the implementation of the project. System Implementation In the last few years, the information technology industry has come up with several customized retail oriented systems, that are aimed at facilitating the management of the complex functionalities of the domain (Erl, Puttini and Mahmood 2013). In this section of the report, a detailed discussion of some such systems would be provided: the primary objective of the discussion being making the higher management Middletons aware of benefits off the inclusion of such systems within their organizational structure. Enterprise Systems (ES): Enterprise systems are defined as large scale software packages capable of supporting the business processes of a organization, controlling the flow of information through the organization, besides assisting in the process of data collection, analysis and reporting (Galliers and Leidner 2014). However, from the hardware perspective, the computing devices, servers and data bases used for maintaining organizational data are also considered to be integral part of the enterprise system. Enterprise systems are further classified as the following: Enterprise resource planning systems or ERP systems Enterprise planning systems Customer relationship management systems (Duan and Da Xu 2012) Enterprise resource planning systems: ERP and ERP2 Enterprise resource planning systems can be considered as customized software applications, developed for the management of those integrated business applications that facilitate the process of collection, storage, analysis and reporting of organizational data (Monk and Wagner 2012). ERP systems encourage the storage of the information generate from various operational activities of the organization, like that of the product planning, service delivery, manufacturing, inventory management , marketing and sales and so on and so forth, in a common database (Clarke 2012). The data stored in this common database can be accessed or tracked in real time, thus facilitating organizational decision making process. ERP2, on the other hand is defined as that particular software application that incorporates the functionalities of transaction based enterprise resource planning (ERP) system and customer relationship planning management systems (Leon 2014). The implementation of standalone ERP systems in place of the insular systems would provide the following benefits to Middletons: Custom designed retail ERP systems are usually designed to be compatible with hardware devices like bar scanners, printers and various other hand-held devices that might be used at retail stores to maintain a record of the sales being made (Chang et al. 2014). Thus, the implementation of such an application would facilitate the process of maintaining the sales records at Middletons. The implementation of the ERP system would also facilitate the process of managing the stocks and inventories of the stationary chain (Galliers and Leidner 2014). The centralized database helps in maintaining a coherent workflow amongst the various departments, thus resulting in smooth transition of information and quicker completion of operational processes (Duan and Da Xu 2012). Last but not the least, the higher management would be able to better manage the resources located at various physical stores of the retail chain with the help of the standalone ERP system (Simmons 2016). Effective data management systems The following sections of the report contain discussions on several advanced methods of data management that could be utilized by the higher management of Middletons for the efficient storage of the organizational data Data Warehouse The Enterprise Data warehouse can be defined as repositories that contain integrated data from multiple sources, that repository being utilized for the analysis and reporting of organizational data (Belanger and Xu 2015). The implementation of data warehouses have been found to be significantly advantageous for retail organizations: such repositories help in analysis of sales reports and several other organizational data sets (Fafinski 2013). The analysis of the sales reports helps in determining the popularity of each product among the customers, the times during which the organization makes the maximum profit, the demographics of the loyal customers and so on and so forth. Such information, on the other hand, provides much assistance in the organizational decision making process. The major benefits that can be availed by the higher management of Middletons through the implementation of data warehouse systems have been enlisted in the following section: The availability of integrated data from various sources would be the primary benefit of implementing a data warehousing system in the organization: the managers would not be forced to base their decisions on limited data sources (Palmer et al. 2015). The Business intelligence modules inherent to data warehouses can also utilized by the higher management of Middletons to facilitate the management of the financial sectors of the organization, along with that of the market segmentation, the inventory and the sales of the organization (Galliers and Leidner 2014). The data warehouse would also facilitate the access to historical information based on which decisions could be taken (Wixom et al. 2014). Business Intelligence tools and analytical techniques The higher management of Middletons might also consider the implementation of the following business intelligence and analytical tools within their IT infrastructure: Data mining tools: Implementation of data mining tools within the existing Information Technology infrastructure would facilitate the process of discovering patterns in the information stored in the data warehouse (Borena, Belanger and Ejigu 2013). The identified patterns, in turn, would facilitate the process of designing marketing, sales and promotional strategies of Middletons. NoSQL: Database systems that allow the storage and retrieval of information using mechanisms other than that of tabular methods utilized in relational databases are commonly known as NoSQL database systems (Palmer et al. 2015). The implementation of NoSQL data bases would facilitate the process of storing several structured and non-structured data sets within a central database. Besides this, NoSQL databases are much easier to handle as compared to relational databases. OLAP: OLAP or Online Analytical Processing tools have recently become one of the most sought after processing techniques (Galliers and Leidner 2014). The growing popularity of this particular tool is due to the fact that it has the unique capability of retrieving data from several relational databases and facilitating multidimensional viewing and analysis of the retrieved data (Fafinski 2013). BI models within the Enterprise system: Business intelligence is one of primary techniques that are being widely used for analyzing the data generated from the operational activities of business modules (Hill, Jones and Schilling 2014). The objectives with which organizations implement BI modules include the intelligent exploration of enterprise data, the integration and aggregation of such data sets, along with the multidimensional analysis of information collected from several resources, both external and internal to the organization (Willcocks 2013). Thus, Business intelligence modules can optionally be incorporated within the enterprise system module to gain access to large volumes of analytical information that can in turn be utilized for making managerial decisions. The implementation of mentioned technologies within the organizational infrastructure of Middletons would provide much help in maintain and analyzing the enterprise data generated by through the operational activities of the organization. The access to these technologies would improve make it possible to take effective decisions based on concrete statistical figures. E-business E-business or electronic business can be considered as the act of conducting business operations over the internet (Bi, Da Xu and Wang 2014). Electronic business operations include purchase and sale of merchandise over the internet, making services (both pre-sales and post sales) available to the customers, managing the payment procedures, managing production controls and other similar other production activities, managing partnership collaborations, running recruitment processes and so on and so forth (Wixom et al. 2014). Strategic improvements within e-business: Secure portals The secure portals, using which electronic business processes are conducted, can be classified into the following sections: Intranet: Internet, as suggested by the term itself, is essentially a network that is managed solely by personnel internal to the organization (Motiwalla and Thompson 2012). Intranets can be defined as private and secured online portals that are accessible only for internal operations, like that of managing communications between employees and internal departments, to collaborate with the partner organizations, and to maintain the flow of data within the organization (Duan and Da Xu 2012). Along with the above mentioned operations, organizations utilize their internet platforms for running applications like Document Management System or DMS, Content Management Systems or CMS, Human Resource management functions like that of holiday management applications and staff directories (Borena, Belanger and Ejigu 2013). Extranet: Extranets can be defined as secured online portals that are accessible to personnel external to an organization (Niu et al. 2014). Needless to say, extranets are made open to the customers and suppliers of an organization, such that they are able to communicate directly with the representatives of the organization. The extranet facilitates the communication between the stakeholders internal and external to the organization, without disclosing the confidential information of the organization (Sasidharan et al. 2012). In the light of the discussion made in the above sections, it can thus be said that both intranet and extranet platforms are to be essentially implemented within the organizational structure of Middletons, such that the organization is capable of conducting electronic business operations with their suppliers and customers. b. E-Business Software Overview: The software modules that are utilized for conducting electronic business operations can be classified under the following heads: Supply chain management systems: Supply chain management systems can be considered as integration of information technology systems and business operations, that are aimed at maintaining efficient communication between the organizations or individuals who supply raw materials or components for manufacturing items, the individuals who manufacture the product or assemble all finished products and those organization who are responsible for making the finishes products available to the customers (Anandarajan, Anandarajan and Srinivasan 2012). The inclusion of an efficient supply chain management system is essential for conducting electronic business or commerce as it is the SCM module that maintains the follow of the finished goods or services in the market. Customer Relationship Management system: Customer relationship processes can be considered as the strategies or policies undertaken by organizations to understand the need or demands of the customers, within the aim of fulfilling them and retaining the loyal customer base (Al-Zubi, Shaban and Alnaser 2014). The primary objective behind including customer relationship management modules within electronic business systems is to provide services to the customers and keep them updated with the new products or services of the organization. The higher management of Middletons should consider the inclusion of customer relationship and supply chain management systems within their electronic business modules in order to assess the needs of the customers and cater to them, besides maintaining the flow of their products in the market. Social business or s-commerce' Social commerce can be defined as the process of conducting business activities while putting social platforms in to use (Chen, Chiang and Storey 2012). Social commerce or S-commerce activities are generally conducted using social media platforms and online media tools, thus facilitating the interaction with the target customers. This customer interaction in turn increases the number of sales that are conducted over the online portal s. The implementation of S-commerce strategies within the organizational structure of Middletons would provide the following benefits to the organization: First and foremost, the strategy would provide a platform using which the loyal customers would be able to discuss about the products sold at Middletons, besides providing reviews of the said products (Davenport 2012). The very same platform would also allow the representatives of the organization to cater to the complaints or concerns raised by the customers (Sauter 2014). Mobile business or 'm-commerce': Mobile commerce can be defined as the process of conducting business operations on such platforms that are accessible by hand held smart phone devices (Tanev, Liotta and Kleismantas 2015). With the advancement of mobile technologies, the inclusion of mobile commerce strategies has become essential for all those organizations that conduct electronic commerce (Hill, Jones and Schilling 2014). The higher management of Middletons could invest in the incorporation of the following technologies within the organizational structure: Purchase and payment: Mobile applications could be developed so as to allow the customers to buy products using smart phone devices (Chmiel et al. 2015). Such applications should also be equipped with electronic payment methods using which the customers would be able to make online payments. Location based services: The customers who use m-commerce platforms can be provided with location based services like that of region based discount coupons, providing the information regarding the status of the orders placed using the m-commerce platforms, provide the location of the nearest physical store and so on and so forth (Wixom et al. 2014). Information services: The customers of Middletons could be provided with the information regarding new schemes or products and services launched by the organization, over the m-commerce platforms (Belanger and Xu 2015). Such information would encourage the customers to avail the offers that are being provided, which in turn would increase the sales revenue of the organization. Ethics, Security and Control: The guidelines for management of IS The following sections of the report provide a detailed description of ethics and privacy guidelines that the higher management of Middletons should abide by to maintain the security of the enterprise information that remains stored in their computer network. Weaknesses in current security strategy At present, the information system of the organization is not well maintained each of the retail stores of this chain maintains an independent computer system for keeping records of the daily business operations (Leon 2014). Each of these systems is then linked with the computer system that is located at the main office. Thus, it can be assumed that the records that have been stored by each of the retail stores can easily be accessed from the main office (Borena, Belanger and Ejigu 2013). Thus, the weaknesses of the existing IT strategy of the organization can be listed as: Information privacy: At present, each of the physical stores store information in computer devices and these data sets are available to anyone who has the access to computer system located at the main office (Fafinski 2013). Thus, it is evident that the data sets are neither being stored in secured databases, not are the records protected from external access. Hence, the privacy of the enterprise information is not being maintained (Borena, Belanger and Ejigu 2013). Besides this, such dataset sets might also become the targets of unauthorized access and other similar privacy attacks, as launched by attackers. Computer misuse issues: It has already been mentioned that computer systems installed at the Middletons stores are standalone networks and since the organization does not maintain a centralized protected system, it can only be assumed that the security levels used for protecting the data sets stored in these machines are not at par to those that are used in protected data bases (Palmer et al. 2015). Such being the case, personnel who do not have the authority to access such data can access the data stored in these networks (Motiwalla and Thompson 2012). Thus, data loss and misuse of the information stored in these computer networks are some of the issues that are associated with the information system currently being used by the organization. Recommendations for security and control In order to overcome the weaknesses that have mentioned in the sections above, the following sets of recommendations are being made to the higher management of Middletons. Disaster Recovery Planning: At present, the enterprise information of Middletons is not being stored in protected databases. Thus, loss of enterprise data is one of the possible risks associated with the current system (Erl, Puttini and Mahmood 2013). The higher management of Middletons is thus being recommended to implement efficient disaster recovery strategies such that information or data sets can be recovered in case of data loss (Simmons 2016). Moreover, the disaster management policies should be incorporated in a manner such that actions to be taken previous, during and after disaster are defined well within the said strategies. Cloud Computing. Cloud computing is defined as the computing practice that encourages the utilization of remote computer networks for the storage, management and processing of data, instead of utilizing local networks for doing the same (Palmer et al. 2015). Since all the chain stores of Middletons maintain their own computer networks, cloud computing should be considered as an effective method of data storage and management (Erl, Puttini and Mahmood 2013).Thus, the higher management of Middletons is being recommended to incorporate cloud-computing platforms for the storage and management of enterprise data. Conclusion Advancements in the field of information technology resulted in the implementation of several innovative strategic solutions in the retail industry, most of these solutions being aimed at increasing the efficiency of the departmental activities of the retail sector. This, in turn, has made it possible for the retail organizations to serve their customers better and remain one-step ahead in the market competition. 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